Furnace.



A. VAN LEEUWEN, In. & F. X. BRUNELLE.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I3. 1916- Patented sept. 18,1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

` A. VAN" LEEUWEN, 1s. & F. X. BRUNELLE.

` FURNACE,

PatentedSept. 18, 1917.

APPLICATION FILED lUNE13. 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. VAN LEEUWEN, JR. & E. X. BRUNELLE.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I3. 191s.

1,240,517. Patentedsept. 18,1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

'IIIII L- @I ,I l, 12 32 55 11 11 53 12 In De nov @h leeuwenzi.

E Xvunezle. fovneys.

Umrnn sTaTns PATENT Aonirica.

ADRIAN VAN LEEUWEN, JR., ANI) FRANCOS X. BRNELLE, OF WORCESTER, MASSA-CHUSETTS, ASSIGNORS, BY DIRECT V-lND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, OF ONE-FOURTH TOFRANCOIS X. BRUN ELLE`AND THREE-FOURTHS lO HARRY I. RANDALL, TRUSTEE.

FURNACE.

To all whom z' may concern:

Be it known that we, ADRIAN VAN LunnwnN, Jr., and FRANCOIS X. BRUN-ELLE,citizens of the United States, both residing at lVorcester, in thecounty of vVvlorcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented a newand useful Furnace, of which the following is a specification.

rFhis invention relates to a furnace for generating steam for powerplants and house-heating purposes and also adapted to heat water for hotwater heating systems.

rlhe principal objects of the invention are to provide a furnace havinga minimum amount of water therein and a maximum heating surface, whichcan conveniently be made up of sections; to provide a water circulatingarch over the fire box to receive the direct heat from the grate andforce the smoke and gases back toward the grate before they are allowedto escape; to provide means whereby unconsumed gases from the fire-boxcan be ignited and burned within the furnace beyond the arch, so as toutilize the full effect thereof; to provide Vwater tubes or passages soarranged as to receive a maximum heating effect; to preventv the escapeof large quantities of heat from the outside surfaces; to provideimproved means for supplying air for purposes of combustion to thefire-box and to the combustion chamber in which the unconsumed gasesfrom the fire-box are burned, and to provide improvements in the detailsand arrangements of the several sections for the purpose of increasingthe efficiency of this type of furnace, so as to produce full combustionand yet provide a furnace that will not be complicated or expensive tobuild, set up or keep in order.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which- Figure lis a front elevation of a steam furnace constructed in accordance withthis invention;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal, central, sectional view on the line 2 2 ofFig. l;

Fig. 3 is a view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. l, and constituting ineffect the front elevation of the second section of the furnace, theouter section being removed;

Fig. -f is a sectional view through the second or intermediate sectionon the line 4 4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the third or Specification of LettersPatent.

Appueation insa .Tune 1s, 1916.

Patented Sept. 18, 1917.

central section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2, showing the air passages tothe upper coinbustion chamber;

Fig. 6 is another viewof the same section `0n the line 6-5 of F ig. 2,showing the air passage to the fire-box, and

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on the line 7-7 of Fig. l.

Several types of furnaces of the water tube variety for heating waterand mak-ing steam have been designed for house heating and otherpurposes. These have proved efficient in practice, but are subject tocertain losses, particularly a loss due to the fact that the fuel cannotbe entirely consumed in the fireboX, some of the constituents thereofbeing converted into combustible gases at a point above the fire, fromwhich they escape without their heating properties being utilized.Furthermore, the water tube variety of furnace is expensive, owing tothe large quan'- tity of tubing required and the hand work necessary toconnect the parts. This invention is designed to retain all theadvantages of the water tube type of heater, and to obviate in a veryhigh degree the above inentioned objections.

In order to substitute castings for previously formed tubes, the furnaceis made up in sections each oneV being originally cast with spacestherein, constituting in effect .tubular water receiving elements, andthese ing surfaces, surrounding the furnace with water holding walls,and providing a second combustion chamber' in which the unconsumed gasescan be burned within the furnace thus obtaining full efciency.

A preferred manner in which these advantages can be secured is indicatedin the accompanying drawings which illustrate one embodiment ofv theinvention. In these drawings the furnace is shown as having an ash pitl0 at the bottom, formed of a casting separate from the rest of thefurnace, and capable of being handled .independently thereof. Thisis-.located in the usual way Serial No. 103,553.

construction, but instead of being supported directly on hinge pinscarried by the integral parts of the furnace or furnace sections, it issupported on a hollow plate 16 which is removably7 mounted on the frontofthis section, and can be opened if necessaryto furnish more completeaccess to the firebox and other interior parts. Tais plate 1G- of coursehas an opening bach of the door le, and is supported at its ends by twobrackets 17 cast on the furnace section and is held in position thereonby pins 18.

The end sections are bothl provided with pairs of doors 15 through whichaccess to the upper part of the combustion chamber may be secured forcleaning purposes and the like. The doors 15 are hollow walled, each onebeing cast withv a plane surfaced rib 15a around it, to which is bolteda plate 19. This furnishes an insulating air space which may be filledwith insulating material if desired. The plate le is made in the sameway.

lt may be stated at the presentV time that each of these end sectionsisformed with av lower hollow water wall 20. in the front section thiswall surrounds thev bottom of' the door. Communicating directly with theends of this section is a hollow water wall 21y which extends around theexterior at the top and furnishes a free space for the circulation ofwater. Furthermore these walls 2O and 21 are connected by a hollow watercirculating arch 23 over the iire-box whichis connected with the. outerwater wall by ia plurality of conduits which preferably are arrangedvertically, and provide for the free passage of water between the walls23 and 21. The opposite surfaces of these sections re shown as lying ina plane. The purposes of these parts are the same as those of theCorrespending` parts of the intermediate sections 12 andcentral'sectionsl'l, and will be described more fully in connectiontherewith,

Referring first to the sections 12, shown more fully in Figs. 3 and et,it will be seen that each one is provided with a lower hollow waterchamber 25 extending across each side. These water chambers areconnected directly at the bottom by a transverse water wall25 theirupper ends by an exterior full width hollow wall 2G corresponding withtheY wall 21 in the outside section. A water u'all25 is locate'd'at eachend'of the furnace and' each one extends only about half way across the`section 12. Just, above the fire'- boX in which the grate islocated isarchlike' inner wall 27- for receiving the direct heat of the fire. Thisis hollow, having a water space 28 connected at both ends with thechambers 25 and 26. The spaces 26 and 28` are connected by a series ofconduitsV 29 whichy are shown in the drawings as vertically arranged ina plane. The conduits 29, like their counter parts 22, preferably arenot circular in= cross section but have acute front and'` rear edges tofurnish arlarge heat-ing surface for a` small quantity of water to beheated. They are not as wide asthe walls 26 and 27 so as to furnish averg tical openspace' between each twol series of vertical conduits.

All these parte of the section 12' are formedy of single casting, andare integral with each other. From thisit will be seenl that the watersurrounds the iiresboi; at the sides andtop, that the water whichis'closest to it and receives the'direct heat has perfect freedom ofcirculation upwardly through the space 28, and into the space 26, eitheratl the outside or through the conduits 29, and that these parts are soshaped as to provide amaximum heating capacity for a minimum amount ofwater. Y

Each section' 1-1 has also a lower arch 27a (see F ig. 5) having a.space 28 for water, as well as external water walls 26 and two lowerwater chambers 25a. These correspond in ay general way with thesimilarly numbered par-ts of the sections 12, but the side waterchambers 25Ll extend clear across the sections 11, and there is nollower connection between them at the bottom.

The parts are assembledl in close relationv to each other, as indicated,sothat the walls .26 27 and 27a of the several sections come intoContact andV constitute a continuous arch over the hire-'box` from oneend ofthe furnace tothe other. A second continuous external water filledarch is formed bythe walls 2l., 26` and 26u which forms the eX- ternalside walls of the furnace. This outer arch beingV filled with waterprovides means whereby the furnace is prevented from radiating the usualamountV of heat into the air, and an additional means for assisting inheating the water, although thecentral arch may be considered as formingthe main heat# ing` portion of the furnace;

The water is introduced into the bottom of the water. chambers, and itwill be understood that at the bottom and top, are openings 33 at bothvends of theinner sectionsll, and at one end in the sections 12. Theyconstitute`r means for conducting water from one section to another,thereby providing the necessary circulation.

The water enters the bottom of one or both of the water chambers 25 at.one end, enters all the sections, passes upwardly through thesechambers and the corresponding parts of all the sections and immediatelycomes into contact with the heated surfaces at t-he sides of thelire-box. hottest part of the furnace is at the top of the arch 27 therewill be a tendency for the water to circulate upwardlyfrom this pointthrough the tubes 22, 29, 29, if they are full, and if the water in thespaces 2l, 26, 2Gn has a tendency to become cooler it will be drawn downaround the outside and forced upwardly again so that an even uniformtemperature will be maintained throughout the water spaces ofthefurnace.

The sections are assembled simply by securing them together by means ofbolts 32l and mounting on the ash pit frame as indicated. These boltsextend through the passages 33. The outside sections can be secured inthe same way but are shown as connected by bolts 32at extending throughopenings 33a, one of which is T-shaped. The water or steam may becirculated from the furnace through a pipe 34e, as indicated.

The space below the arch 27 is free and open from one end of the furnaceto the other, while the space between the arch 27 and the outer wall 26is also free except for the tubes 22 and 29 which assist in utilizingthe heat for the heating of the water located in them. The uppersurfaces of both arches are corrugated to provide for efficient heatingof the water.

An important feature of the invention consists in the provision of meanswhereby some of the unconsumed products from the fire-box are subjectedto a temperature suilicient to ignite them and provide combustion in theLipper combustion chamber by the addition of freshly introduced heatedair. For this purpose the contacting walls of t-he lower arch in thesections l1 and l2 are provided with semi-circular slots 35 whichregister with each other to form ignition jet openings. rlhrough thesegas es'- capes in the form of j ets into the upper combustion chamberwhere the mixture of gases and heated air is ignited on account of theirhigh temperature, thereby securing perfect combustion. Four. of theseare shown in these drawings. Y

around the side edges of the arch 27 are smoke flues 30 for conductingthe smoke and gases from the iire-box up into the upper combustionchamber and assisting in heating the tubes 29. IThe jet openings 35 donot let all the gases through freely Vand the arch forces the remainderback down towardthe grate at the sides and up the four fines 30. Thusthey are perfectly mixed together and also mixed with the fresh aircoming up two air passages 36 at the sides as will appear.

As the.

The manner in which the external air is brought in to support combustionis also a feature of importance. For this purpose the two sections l1are provided on their sides adjacent to the sections l2 with an air 70movable member 33 which is provided with;

a flange 39 inclosing thev open sides of the channels 36 and 37 so as topermit each channel 37 to form an air-conducting conduit from below thefire-box into the top of the lower combustion chamber above the top ofthis flange 39. The other channel 36 is also closed on the inner side bythis flange,

the bottom of course being open, forming two Vseparate conduits. rlhismember '38 preferably is removably held in position b v means of a stud40 cast on the wall of the sectionll on which this plate is hinged atits top, and fits on a ledge ill on the wallV of the section l1. Toremove it, it is displaced laterally from its stud, and drawn out intothe lire-box.

in this way a current of heated air brought independently into eachcombustion chamber from below. We prefer to conduct this from below theash-pit by means of a conduit 42 cast on the wall lor otherwisesupported at the sides of the member 10, and extending upwardlyifrom awell 43 below the ash-pit which can supply fresh air from any desiredsource. he supply preferably is controlled by a damper ad.

It will be understood that gases which flow directly upwardly from thegrate in contact with the inner surface of the lower arch, are.discharged with some force through the ignition jet openings 35, andthat the remainder are forced down toward the grate and dischargedthrough the flues 30 into the upper combustion chamber. lVhen thisarrangement is used for generating steam the water level is kept abovethe crown of the hollow arch 27.

Although we have illustrated and described only a single Vform oftheinvention and shown it as formed of a certain number of sections, weare 'aware of the fact that many changes can be made in theconst-ruction, that Lother numbers of sections can be used, that thesections need not be vertically arranged and that some of the principlescan be carried out wit-hout dividing it into sect-ions, withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention, as expressed in the claims.

Therefore we do not wish to be limited in these respects, but what we doclaim is l. A, sectional heater comprising a plurality of sections, eachprovided with an external water wall and a water arch connecting the twosides of the external water wall and providing a combustion chamberbetween them above the arch, lthe space below the arch constituting a rebox, the edges of the arches of the several sections comingsubstantially into contact with each other to malte the arch continuous,said sections having a series of-substantially continuous andsubstantially parallel water conduits extending from the arch to theexternal wall, but spaced from each other to permit circulation of airand gases around them, and means for conducting air into the fire-boxand combustion chamber from below the J'ire box.

2. sectional heater comprising` a plurality of sections, each providedwith an external water wall and a substantially horizontal inner waterwall or arch connecting the two sides of the external water wall andproviding a combustion chamber between them above the arch, the spacebelow the arch constituting a lire box, the edges of the arches of theseveral sections coming substantially into contact with each other tomalte the arch continuous, said arch having et openings therethrough toadmit gases from the tire box into said combustion chamber, saidsections having substantially vertical continuous water conduitsextending from the arch to the external wall, but narrower than thesections and spaced from each other to permit circulation of air andgases around them in all directions, and means for supplying air bothabove and below the arch to support combustion.

3. A sectional heater comprising a plurality of sections, each providedwith an external water wall and a water arch connecting the two sides ofthe external water wall and providing a combustion chamber between themabove the arch, the space below the arch constituting a tire box, theedges of the arches of the several sections coming into contact witheach other to vmake the arch continuous, said sections havingsubstantially continuous water conduits extending from the arch to theexternal wall, but spaced from each other to permit circulation of airand gases around them, a grate at the bottom of the fire box, and meansfor conducting air around the fire box to heat it and into the top ofthe tire box below the arch, the edges of the arch curving downwardlyand inwardly at their ends to force the products of combustion backtoward the grate.

4; A water heater having an inner and an outer hollow wall for thecirculation of water spaced apart to form an upper combustion chamberseparated from the fire box by said inner wall, said inner wall havingjet openings passing transversely through the water filled inner wallfor admitting the unconsumed gases from the fire-box into the spacebetween said inner and outer walls, and air supply passages into saidcombustion chamber between said inner and outer walls.

5. A water heater having an inner and an outer wall, said inner wallconstituting a substantially .continuous flat arch over the re box andhaving a plurality of jet Openings therethrough for admitting theunconsuined gases from the lire-box into the space between said innerand outer walls, said space being practically as deep as the fire-box,and air supply passages from below the lire-box opening inwardly intothe space between said inner and outer walls to supply preheated air tothe combustion chamber formed in said space.

6. A furnace comprising sections having an inner and .outer hollow wallfor the circulation of water, 'water chambers at the other sidesconnecting said inner and outer walls, a grate, and air supply passagesextending into thespace below said inner wall and over the ash pit frombelow the grate at the inner sides of the water chamber.

7. A furnace having an external wall, an inner hollow arch, waterchambers connected with the ends of said arch, and a fire-box betweensaid water chambers and below the arch, said Vexternal wall and archbeing spaced apart to form a combustion chamber above the arch, andmeans for conducting air from below the fire box, in Contact with itswalls so as to heat it, into .the space below the arch, and means forconducting air into said combustion chamber.

S. ,A furnace having a lire-box, a hollow external wall for receivingwater extending upwardly therefrom, a hollow arch spaced inside theexternal wall over the lire-box and adapted to receive water, meansinside the external wall for conducting air from below the tire-box intothe space below the arch and into the space above the arch, and meansfor conducting gases from the lire-box into the space above the arch,both through and around the arch.

9. A furnace having ahrc-box, a hollow external wall for receiving waterextending upwardly therefrom, an arch spaced inside the external walloverthe lire-box, means inside the external wall for conducting air frombelow there-box into -thespace below the arch and into the space abovethe arch, and means for conducting gases from the tire-box into thespace above'the arch.

l0. A furnace having a fire-box, an external wall extending upwardlytherefrom, an

the space below the arch and into the space above the arch, and meansfor conducting gases from the lire-box into the space above the arch,both through and around the arch.

1l. A furnace of a general rectangular' form having an arch over thehre-box, waterholding conduits extending upwardly from said arch, smokeflues widely spaced from each other, located at the four corners of thefurnace, and leading from the fire-box up into the space above the arch,and a central outlet for the products of combustion, where by the heatedproducts are forced to Dass from the corners inwardly to the center pastand around said conduits.

l2. A furnace having an external wall, and an arch inclosed Within saidwall and spaced therefrom, fines located between the arch and externalwall and extending into the space above the arch from points at thebottom of the sides of the arch, the side edges of the fines extendingtoward the fire-box to force the gases baclr toward the grate beforedischarging them above the arcl 13. A furnace having an external wall,and an arch inclosed within said wall, fines extending into the spaceabove the arch from points at the bottom of the arch, the side edges ofthe lines extending down toward the tire-box to force the gases backtoward the grate, and means for introducing air to support combustionabove the arch.

1i. A furnace having external water walls provided with a front opening,a double walled plate removably vmounted to cover said opening, saidplate having an opening, and a double walled door covering the lastnamed opening.

l5. In a furnace, the combination with a wall thereof having an upwardlyextending air conducting channel, and a readily detachable membersupported by said Wall and forming the inner Wall of said channel toseparate it from the fire-box.

16. In a furnace, the combination with a wall thereof having an airchannel, and a member of T-shaped cross section extending into saidchannel and dividing it into two and covering theehannel on its innerside, said member being detachably pivoted to the wall.

ln testimony whereof we have hereunto aHixed our signatures.

ADRIAN vAN LEEUWEN, JR. ERANcors x. BEUNELLE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. C.

